Mali
Subregion: Western Africa
Mali is a country located in Northern Africa. The Capital City is Bamako. The government is a Unitary semi-presidential republic under a military junta. The official language of the country is French. The predominant religion is Islam. The healthcare system in Mali has both public and private options. Public healthcare lacks funding most times so there aren’t enough doctors or supplies in the facilities. Private healthcare provides more specialized service to the people who can afford it.
Safety:
Mali is a country in West Africa that has experienced security challenges in recent years, including violence, terrorism, and crime. The safety concerns in Mali can be attributed to a range of factors, including political instability, poverty, ethnic tensions, and the presence of armed groups. One of the main safety concerns in Mali is terrorism, particularly from groups like Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS). These groups have carried out attacks on civilians, security forces, and UN peacekeepers in Mali. The attacks have targeted hotels, restaurants, and other public places, and have resulted in deaths and injuries. Another safety concern in Mali is the presence of armed groups and criminal gangs, who are often involved in activities such as smuggling, kidnapping, and banditry. These groups operate in remote areas of the country and have been known to target foreigners, aid workers, and local communities. There is also a risk of violence and instability in Mali due to political tensions and instability. The country has experienced several coups and political crises in recent years, which have resulted in protests, demonstrations, and sometimes violent clashes between opposing groups. In terms of traffic conditions, Mali has a high number of road accidents, largely due to poor road conditions, insufficient traffic signals, and reckless driving. Pedestrians and bicyclists are particularly vulnerable, and it is recommended to exercise caution when using roads and to avoid driving at night. It is recommended to avoid traveling to areas with high levels of violence or instability and to follow the advice of local authorities and travel advisories.
Cultural Customs:
Mali is a country located in West Africa, with a rich cultural heritage that has been influenced by various ethnic groups, including the Bambara, Dogon, Fulani, Tuareg, and Malinke. Traditional clothing in Mali is colorful and often made from cotton or silk. Women wear wraparound skirts, blouses, and head wraps, while men wear long robes called boubous. Music and dance play an important role in Mali's cultural customs. Griots, or storytellers and musicians, are respected members of society, and their music is an important part of weddings, funerals, and other ceremonies. Family and community are highly valued in Mali, and social ties play a crucial role in everyday life. Extended families often live together, and community gatherings and celebrations are frequent. The majority of Malians practice Islam, which is an important part of their cultural customs. Mosques are found in every city and town, and religious observance is an important part of daily life. Mali's cuisine is diverse and influenced by the country's various ethnic groups. Some common dishes include rice, millet, beans, and vegetables. Meat dishes are also popular, including grilled or roasted goat, beef, and chicken. Mali is known for its traditional art forms, including wood carvings, pottery, and textiles. These art forms are often tied to cultural practices and beliefs, such as the Dogon's belief in the importance of masks in religious ceremonies. Respect for elders is a cultural value in Mali, and older people are often viewed as sources of wisdom and experience. Younger generations are expected to show deference and respect to their elders.
Geography & Weather:
Mali has 3 different climates based on geographical regions. The north has a desert climate, the center of the country has a semi-desert climate, and the south has a tropical climate.
In the city of Tessalit, which is in the north of the country, the average temperature ranges from 67 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. The coldest month is January with a median temperature of 67 degrees F and June being the hottest month with a median temperature of 95 degrees F. There isn’t a rainy season in this area as they average only 2 inches of rain per year. The sun shines 9-10 hours daily all year round.
In Timbuktu, in the center of the country, the average temperature ranges from 72 to 96 degrees Fahrenheit. The coldest month is January with a median temperature of 72 degrees F and June is the hottest month with a median temperature of 96 degrees F. The monsoon season in this area is June - September. This area is affected by the Harmattan from October - February.
In Bamako, in the south of the country, the average temperature ranges from 76 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The coldest month is January with a median temperature of 76 degrees F and April being the hottest month with a median temperature of 90 degrees F. The monsoon season in the south lasts longer in this area. It occurs from May - October with July and August being the rainiest months. This area is affected by the Harmattan as well.
Economy:
Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world, and its economy is heavily dependent on foreign aid and remittances from Malians living abroad. Agriculture is the largest sector of the economy in Mali, employing about 80% of the population and contributing around 40% of the country's GDP. The main crops grown in Mali include cotton, rice, maize, millet, and sorghum. Mali is also a major producer of livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats. The mining sector in Mali is also an important part of the economy, contributing around 10% of GDP. Mali is Africa's third-largest gold producer, and it also has significant deposits of bauxite, iron ore, and uranium. Despite its natural resources, Mali faces numerous economic challenges, including poverty, low levels of education, and political instability. The country has also been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing conflict in the northern and central regions of the country. The government of Mali has implemented a number of economic reforms in recent years aimed at attracting foreign investment and stimulating economic growth. These reforms have included reducing trade barriers, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and increasing access to credit. However, the impact of these reforms on the overall economy of Mali remains to be seen.
Currency/Foreign Exchange Rate:
CFA Franc (XOF)
XOF 1.00 = USD .0016
Country Stats:
Population (2020):
20,250,833
Median Age:
16.3 yrs
Life Expectancy:
60.54 yrs
Visa Requirements:
Needed for Entry for US Citizens? Yes
Cost: Tourist Visa, multiple entry $160
*Additional Information*
Yellow fever vaccination on WHO Yellow Card is required for entry. The card should be carried with you at all times.
Citizenship Requirements:
Dual citizenship - Yes
Naturalization - Malian citizenship may be acquired upon fulfillment of the following conditions: Person has resided in Mali for at least ten years, is of good morality, no physical or mental disabilities, have no criminal convictions, and is at least 21 years of age.
Residency Requirements:
A temporary residency visa is available for people looking to relocate into Mali as expats. You must have your tourist visa and apply at the general secretariat office at the police station.
Resources:
Les Expatriés au Mali Facebook Group
U.S. Embassy Bamako
ACI 2000
Rue 243, Porte 297
Bamako, Mali
Telephone: +(223) 2070-2300
Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(223) 6675-2860
Email: ConsularBamako@state.gov